In Islamic tradition, time holds deep spiritual significance. Among the 12 months of the Islamic lunar calendar, four are considered “Sacred Months” (Al-Ashhur Al-Hurum) — namely Dhul-Qi’dah, Dhul-Hijjah, Muharram, and Rajab. These months are mentioned in the Qur’an and emphasized in Hadith as being special periods of divine sanctity and historical significance.
1. Explicit Mention in the Qur’an
The sacred months are referenced in the Qur’an in Surah At-Tawbah (9:36):
“Indeed, the number of months with Allah is twelve [lunar] months in the register of Allah [from] the day He created the heavens and the earth; of these, four are sacred…”
(Qur’an 9:36)
These months were honored even before Islam, in the time of Prophet Ibrahim (Abraham), and their sanctity was upheld by various Arab tribes.
2. Prohibition of Warfare
One of the most notable features of the sacred months is the prohibition of fighting and warfare, unless in self-defense or when violated by enemies. This was originally established to ensure peace and safe pilgrimage to Makkah.
“Time has come back to its original state which it had when Allah created the Heavens and the Earth. The year is twelve months, four of which are sacred…”
(Sahih al-Bukhari)
3. Greater Reward and Accountability for Deeds
During the sacred months, good deeds are rewarded more, and sins are considered more serious. These months are seen as opportunities to draw closer to Allah through increased worship, charity, and acts of kindness.
Scholars interpret this based on the principle that when Allah honors something in place or time, actions related to it carry increased significance.
4. Historical and Religious Events
- Dhul-Hijjah includes the Hajj pilgrimage and Eid al-Adha, major pillars and celebrations in Islam.
- Muharram, the first month of the Islamic year, is known for Ashura, a day of fasting and remembrance of the Prophet Musa (Moses) and also the martyrdom of Imam Hussain.
- Rajab is associated with the Isra and Mi’raj, the miraculous night journey and ascension of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ.
5. Encouragement to Avoid Injustice
The Qur’an specifically warns against committing injustice during the sacred months:
“So do not wrong yourselves during them…”
(Qur’an 9:36)
This includes wronging others or engaging in sins against oneself, emphasizing the need for moral integrity and repentance.
6. Continuity of Pre-Islamic Traditions With Reform
While the Arabs before Islam respected these months, they sometimes manipulated the calendar (known as “Nasi’”) to suit their interests. Islam re-established the correct order and reinforced their sacredness under divine command.
Conclusion
The sacred months in Islam are times of reflection, peace, and spiritual renewal. Muslims are encouraged to:
- Refrain from sin and conflict
- Increase good deeds and acts of worship
- Observe historical significance and lessons
These months remind believers of the sanctity of time and the ever-present opportunity to return to Allah with sincerity.
